隐式模型是一种普通学习模型，它放弃了神经网络中典型的层次结构结构，而是基于``平衡''方程来定义内部状态，从而提供竞争性能和减少记忆消耗。但是，培训这些模型通常依赖于昂贵的隐性区分来向后传播。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的培训隐式模型的方法，称为国家驱动的隐式建模（SIM），在其中，我们限制了内部状态和输出以匹配基线模型的模型，从而规避了昂贵的落后计算。训练问题通过构造变为凸，由于其可分解的结构，可以平行解决。我们演示了如何应用SIM卡方法来显着提高稀疏性（参数降低）和在FashionMnist和CIFAR-100数据集中训练的基线模型的鲁棒性。

我们解决了无监督的提取文档摘要的问题，尤其是对于长文件。我们将无监督的问题建模为稀疏自动回归的问题，并通过凸，规范约束的问题近似产生的组合问题。我们使用专用的Frank-Wolfe算法来解决它。要生成带有$ k $句子的摘要，该算法只需要执行$ \ of of K $迭代，从而非常有效。我们解释了如何避免明确计算完整梯度以及如何包括嵌入信息的句子。我们使用词汇（标准）胭脂分数以及语义（基于嵌入式）的方法对其他两种无监督的方法评估了我们的方法。我们的方法在两个数据集中取得了更好的结果，并且在与高度释义的摘要结合使用时，尤其有效。

我们提出了一种新颖的随机弗兰克 - 沃尔夫（又名条件梯度）算法，用于使用广义的线性预测/结构进行约束的平滑有限和最小化。这类问题包括稀疏，低级别或其他结构化约束的经验风险最小化。提出的方法易于实现，不需要阶梯尺寸调整，并且具有独立于数据集大小的恒定触电成本。此外，作为该方法的副产品，我们获得了Frank-Wolfe间隙的随机估计器，可以用作停止标准。根据设置，提出的方法匹配或改进了随机Frank-Wolfe算法的最佳计算保证。几个数据集上的基准强调了不同的策略，其中所提出的方法比相关方法表现出更快的经验收敛性。最后，我们在开源软件包中提供了所有考虑的方法的实现。

We address the problem of unsupervised domain adaptation when the source domain differs from the target domain because of a shift in the distribution of a latent subgroup. When this subgroup confounds all observed data, neither covariate shift nor label shift assumptions apply. We show that the optimal target predictor can be non-parametrically identified with the help of concept and proxy variables available only in the source domain, and unlabeled data from the target. The identification results are constructive, immediately suggesting an algorithm for estimating the optimal predictor in the target. For continuous observations, when this algorithm becomes impractical, we propose a latent variable model specific to the data generation process at hand. We show how the approach degrades as the size of the shift changes, and verify that it outperforms both covariate and label shift adjustment.

Semi-supervised object detection is important for 3D scene understanding because obtaining large-scale 3D bounding box annotations on point clouds is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Existing semi-supervised methods usually employ teacher-student knowledge distillation together with an augmentation strategy to leverage unlabeled point clouds. However, these methods adopt global augmentation with scene-level transformations and hence are sub-optimal for instance-level object detection. In this work, we propose an object-level point augmentor (OPA) that performs local transformations for semi-supervised 3D object detection. In this way, the resultant augmentor is derived to emphasize object instances rather than irrelevant backgrounds, making the augmented data more useful for object detector training. Extensive experiments on the ScanNet and SUN RGB-D datasets show that the proposed OPA performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods under various experimental settings. The source code will be available at https://github.com/nomiaro/OPA.

Importance: Social determinants of health (SDOH) are known to be associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviors, but few studies utilized SDOH from unstructured electronic health record (EHR) notes. Objective: To investigate associations between suicide and recent SDOH, identified using structured and unstructured data. Design: Nested case-control study. Setting: EHR data from the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Participants: 6,122,785 Veterans who received care in the US VHA between October 1, 2010, and September 30, 2015. Exposures: Occurrence of SDOH over a maximum span of two years compared with no occurrence of SDOH. Main Outcomes and Measures: Cases of suicide deaths were matched with 4 controls on birth year, cohort entry date, sex, and duration of follow-up. We developed an NLP system to extract SDOH from unstructured notes. Structured data, NLP on unstructured data, and combining them yielded seven, eight and nine SDOH respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results: In our cohort, 8,821 Veterans committed suicide during 23,725,382 person-years of follow-up (incidence rate 37.18 /100,000 person-years). Our cohort was mostly male (92.23%) and white (76.99%). Across the six common SDOH as covariates, NLP-extracted SDOH, on average, covered 84.38% of all SDOH occurrences. All SDOH, measured by structured data and NLP, were significantly associated with increased risk of suicide. The SDOH with the largest effects was legal problems (aOR=2.67, 95% CI=2.46-2.89), followed by violence (aOR=2.26, 95% CI=2.11-2.43). NLP-extracted and structured SDOH were also associated with suicide. Conclusions and Relevance: NLP-extracted SDOH were always significantly associated with increased risk of suicide among Veterans, suggesting the potential of NLP in public health studies.

This project explores the feasibility of remote patient monitoring based on the analysis of 3D movements captured with smartwatches. We base our analysis on the Kinematic Theory of Rapid Human Movement. We have validated our research in a real case scenario for stroke rehabilitation at the Guttmann Institute5 (neurorehabilitation hospital), showing promising results. Our work could have a great impact in remote healthcare applications, improving the medical efficiency and reducing the healthcare costs. Future steps include more clinical validation, developing multi-modal analysis architectures (analysing data from sensors, images, audio, etc.), and exploring the application of our technology to monitor other neurodegenerative diseases.

Assessing the physical condition in rehabilitation scenarios is a challenging problem, since it involves Human Activity Recognition (HAR) and kinematic analysis methods. In addition, the difficulties increase in unconstrained rehabilitation scenarios, which are much closer to the real use cases. In particular, our aim is to design an upper-limb assessment pipeline for stroke patients using smartwatches. We focus on the HAR task, as it is the first part of the assessing pipeline. Our main target is to automatically detect and recognize four key movements inspired by the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, which are performed in both constrained and unconstrained scenarios. In addition to the application protocol and dataset, we propose two detection and classification baseline methods. We believe that the proposed framework, dataset and baseline results will serve to foster this research field.

A household robot should be able to navigate to target locations without requiring users to first annotate everything in their home. Current approaches to this object navigation challenge do not test on real robots and rely on expensive semantically labeled 3D meshes. In this work, our aim is an agent that builds self-supervised models of the world via exploration, the same as a child might. We propose an end-to-end self-supervised embodied agent that leverages exploration to train a semantic segmentation model of 3D objects, and uses those representations to learn an object navigation policy purely from self-labeled 3D meshes. The key insight is that embodied agents can leverage location consistency as a supervision signal - collecting images from different views/angles and applying contrastive learning to fine-tune a semantic segmentation model. In our experiments, we observe that our framework performs better than other self-supervised baselines and competitively with supervised baselines, in both simulation and when deployed in real houses.

People are not very good at detecting lies, which may explain why they refrain from accusing others of lying, given the social costs attached to false accusations - both for the accuser and the accused. Here we consider how this social balance might be disrupted by the availability of lie-detection algorithms powered by Artificial Intelligence. Will people elect to use lie detection algorithms that perform better than humans, and if so, will they show less restraint in their accusations? We built a machine learning classifier whose accuracy (67\%) was significantly better than human accuracy (50\%) in a lie-detection task and conducted an incentivized lie-detection experiment in which we measured participants' propensity to use the algorithm, as well as the impact of that use on accusation rates. We find that the few people (33\%) who elect to use the algorithm drastically increase their accusation rates (from 25\% in the baseline condition up to 86% when the algorithm flags a statement as a lie). They make more false accusations (18pp increase), but at the same time, the probability of a lie remaining undetected is much lower in this group (36pp decrease). We consider individual motivations for using lie detection algorithms and the social implications of these algorithms.